Gasoline shortages that have plagued the U.S. East Coast slowly eased on May 16, with 1,000 more stations receiving supplies as the country's largest fuel pipeline network recovered from a crippling cyberattack.

The six-day closure of Colonial Pipeline’s 5,500-mile (8,900-km) system was the most disruptive cyberattack on record, preventing millions of barrels of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel from reaching fuel tanks throughout the eastern U.S.

Thousands of gas stations ran dry as supplies failed to arrive and drivers fearing a prolonged outage filled tanks and jerry cans. Refiners and fuel distributors are racing to recover before the Memorial Day holiday weekend at the end of May, the traditional start of the peak-demand summer driving season.

“Colonial Pipeline is currently shipping at normal rates, based on shipper nominations,” company spokesman Eric Abercrombie said in an email. “It will take some time for the supply chain to fully catch up.”

In Washington, D.C., about 70% of stations were still empty, according to tracking firm GasBuddy.

Elsewhere, more than half of the stations were still out in North Carolina, while less than half of stations were without fuel in South Carolina, Maryland, Virginia and Georgia, GasBuddy data showed.

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U.S. gasoline demand on May 15 dropped nearly 15% from a week earlier, according to GasBuddy, as drivers pulled back on fuel hoarding.

Widespread panic buying even caused shortages in some areas not served by the pipeline.

Average nationwide gasoline prices are at their highest since 2014, with a gallon of regular unleaded at $3.04 on May 16, up from $2.96 a week ago, according to the American Automobile Association.

U.S. gasoline futures opened in Asian trade on May 16 at $2.1271 a gallon, down from a three-year high of $2.2170 a week ago, Refinitiv Eikon data showed.

‘Getting Better’

Overall outages stood at 12,405 stations, down from 13,450 on May 15 and a peak of more than 16,000, said Patrick De Haan, head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy, as panic buying ebbed and stations replenished supplies. There are around 150,000 gas stations in the U.S., the world’s largest oil consumer.

“Every day, gasoline supplies are getting better as Colonial operates at capacity and additional oil tankers from the Gulf Coast make their way to the East Coast,” said Andy Lipow of Lipow Oil Associates in Houston.

Citgo and Valero Energy Corp. were among the refiners to receive Jones Act waivers to ship fuel on waterborne vessels from the U.S. Gulf Coast to help ease the fuel crunch.

Operators of the Colonial system, which transports 100 million gallons of gasoline, diesel and jet fuel daily to East Coast markets from Texas refineries, began resuming operations on May 12 following the six-day outage.

Alpharetta, Georgia-based Colonial said it would resume its regular nomination process on May 17 to allocate capacity to companies that use the line.

DarkSide, the group blamed for attacking Colonial Pipeline systems, has said it recently hacked four other companies. A website it used to communicate went dark last week.

Websites tied to two other ransomware groups not connected to the Colonial hack also were unreachable in a likely retreat amid the hunt for perpetrators, Allan Liska, a researcher with cybersecurity firm Recorded Future, said on May 16.

“This is a disruption,” he said of the groups’ lower profile, adding: “I don’t think it’s going to be a permanent disruption.”

Bloomberg News and the New York Times said Colonial paid nearly $5 million to DarkSide hackers, but the company has not confirmed the ransom demand or the payment.

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